Main
topics
a. LANGUAGE
Language
and discourse are studied at Institut Jean Nicod from three main
perspectives, corresponding to three different disciplines or
groups of disciplines: linguistics, philosophy of language, and
(to a lesser extent) psychology. Though distinct, these disciplines
interact, especially when they cooperate in exploring a common
field. At Institut Jean-Nicod, there is one particular area that
has been at the forefront of attention in all the disciplines
concerned with language and provides a common ground: the role
of pragmatic factors in linguistic understanding.
Sites Web
- SIGMA
: Structures and Interprétations: Grammaire, Modèles
et Analyses
- Euryi
Grant
Presupposition: A Formal Pragmatic Approach, Euryi Grant from
the European Science Foundation (P. Schlenker)
- CPR
: Contexte-Dependence, Perspective and Relativity
- ERC
Advanced Grant "Context,
Content and Compositionality
- GENIUS
: Genericity Interpretation and Uses
- VAGUENESS
: Cognitive Origins of Vagueness.
- GDR
2521 : Sémantique et Modélisation
b. METACOGNITION
The term ‘metacognition’
refers to the kind of self-knowledge that e.g. predict and evaluate
one's cognitive abilities with respect to a given mental task,
such as memorizing, planning, or reasoning. It also refers to
the activity in which one performs epistemic self-appraisals in
order to rationally allocate effort in learning, identify the
sources of one's failures, and conduct efficient reasoning and
planning. Appraisals are cognitive processes that allow an agent
to compare a given observed outcome with the predicted one. Self-appraisals
occur whenever one needs to know whether or not one's planned
or executed action did or will attain its goal. Epistemic self-appraisals
are those assessments that concern properties of one's cognitive
contents such as veridicality (in the case of perception), accuracy
or truth (in belief, memory, judgment etc.), soundness and relevance
(in the case of reasoning). Epistemic feelings are felt (or experienced)
signals carrying information about one’s ability to remember,
perceive, or perform a given mental task, prior to exercising
this ability. They are also involved in retrospectively evaluating
one’s mental performance: a feeling of error, for example, helps
detecting one’s own mistakes in the course of a computation. Located
at the interface between unconsciously processed cues and conscious
self-awareness, these signals play a crucial role in epistemic
self-guidance, and constitute a precondition for epistemic control.
Researchers
at Jean-Nicod study various aspects of metacognition, such as
:
o
the
influence of self-confidence on decision, performance and belief,
o
the
conceptual relations between metacognition, epistemic norms and
mental actions,
o
the
nature and justificatory status of epistemic feelings, and, more
generally, the epistemological import of metacognitive processes
and outcomes,
o
the
role of trust and fairness in social economics,
o
the
characteristics of animal metacognition,
o
the
impairments of metacognition in schizophrenia and autism,
o
The
division of epistemic norms, in religious cognition,
o
The
contrast between control-based and monitoring-based feedback in
metaperception.
Sites Web
- KNOWJUST
: Connaissance, Metacognition et Modes de justification
- MPSC
: Metacognition as a precursor to self-consciousness
-
ANR
Confidence
- APIC
c.
COGNITION SOCIALE
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