under construction ...
Main
topics
LANGUAGE AND MIND
Language
and discourse are studied at Institut Jean Nicod from three main
perspectives, corresponding to three different disciplines or
groups of disciplines: linguistics, philosophy of language, and
(to a lesser extent) psychology. Though distinct, these disciplines
interact, especially when they cooperate in exploring a common
field. At Institut Jean-Nicod, there is one particular area that
has been at the forefront of attention in all the disciplines
concerned with language and provides a common ground: the role
of pragmatic factors in linguistic understanding.
Sites Web
- SIGMA
: Structures and Interprétations: Grammaire, Modèles
et Analyses
- Euryi
Grant
Presupposition: A Formal Pragmatic Approach, Euryi Grant from
the European Science Foundation (P. Schlenker)
- CPR
: Contexte-Dependence, Perspective and Relativity
- ERC
Advanced Grant "Context,
Content and Compositionality
- GENIUS
: Genericity Interpretation and Uses
- VAGUENESS
: Cognitive Origins of Vagueness.
- GDR
2521 : Sémantique et Modélisation
METACOGNITION
The term ‘metacognition’
refers to the kind of self-knowledge that e.g. predict and evaluate
one's cognitive abilities with respect to a given mental task,
such as memorizing, planning, or reasoning. It also refers to
the activity in which one performs epistemic self-appraisals in
order to rationally allocate effort in learning, identify the
sources of one's failures, and conduct efficient reasoning and
planning. Appraisals are cognitive processes that allow an agent
to compare a given observed outcome with the predicted one. Self-appraisals
occur whenever one needs to know whether or not one's planned
or executed action did or will attain its goal. Epistemic self-appraisals
are those assessments that concern properties of one's cognitive
contents such as veridicality (in the case of perception), accuracy
or truth (in belief, memory, judgment etc.), soundness and relevance
(in the case of reasoning). Epistemic feelings are felt (or experienced)
signals carrying information about one’s ability to remember,
perceive, or perform a given mental task, prior to exercising
this ability. They are also involved in retrospectively evaluating
one’s mental performance: a feeling of error, for example, helps
detecting one’s own mistakes in the course of a computation. Located
at the interface between unconsciously processed cues and conscious
self-awareness, these signals play a crucial role in epistemic
self-guidance, and constitute a precondition for epistemic control.
Researchers
at Jean-Nicod study various aspects of metacognition, such as
:
o
the
influence of self-confidence on decision, performance and belief,
o
the
conceptual relations between metacognition, epistemic norms and
mental actions,
o
the
nature and justificatory status of epistemic feelings, and, more
generally, the epistemological import of metacognitive processes
and outcomes,
o
the
role of trust and fairness in social economics,
o
the
characteristics of animal metacognition,
o
the
impairments of metacognition in schizophrenia and autism,
o
The
division of epistemic norms, in religious cognition,
o
The
contrast between control-based and monitoring-based feedback in
metaperception.
Sites Web
- KNOWJUST
: Connaissance, Metacognition et Modes de justification
- MPSC
: Metacognition as a precursor to self-consciousness
-
ANR
Confidence
- APIC
CULTURE, COGNITION AND SOCIETY
- Représentations Publiques et Cognition Sociale
-
Economic
Cognition and Behaviors
- Culture and Cognition
Représentations
Publiques et Cognition Sociale
L'équipe travaille sur les aspects sociaux des processus
de connaissance et leur réalisation à travers des
supports techniques et institutionnels. Dans un contexte social
de création et transmission de la connaissance les individus
font un usage massif de représentations publiques – diagrammes,
dessins, écritures, outils de communication et de notation.
Le but de cette refléxion est de comprendre la nature des
contraintes sur la stabilisation des processus d'acquisition de
savoir au niveau cognitif ainsi qu'au niveau social et institutionnel.
Cette refléxion s'insère dans la démarche
de l'épistémologie sociale contemporaine et vise
à contribuer non seulement à la formulation d'hypothèses
théoriques, mais aussi à la conception d'outils
et de formats de construction et transmission des connaissances
mieux adaptés aux contraintes cognitives et sociales des
usagers. Dans ce cadre, l'équipe travaille en collaboration
avec des laboratoires d'informatique, des think-tanks, des partenaires
privés et d'autres institutions et bénéficie
de financements divers de la communauté européenne
(FP7: LiquidPublication et bourse Marie Curie) et de l'ANR (projet:
CAHORS).
L'équipe a développé et gère le site
Interdisciplines
Gloria
Origgi - Roberto Casati
Doctorants: Judith Simon, Hady Ba
PostDoc: Joe Wakeling, Valeria Giardino, Alessandro Pignocchi,
Yasmina Jraissati
Stagiers: Alexis Ouspensky
Economic
Cognition and Behaviors
Three main research goals are pursued by
the members and collaborators of this team: i) interpreting and
modeling behaviors that deviate from classical economic rationality
assumptions; ii) exploring the interface between experimental
game-theory and clinical and neurobiological hypotheses in the
aim of uncovering some evolutionary bases of modern economic environments
and behaviors; iii)assessing the aggregated impact of cognitive
biases affecting macroeconomic organization through surveys and
the use of innovative eco-cognitive indicators. Each theme involves
specific partnerships and funding.
Team
members at Institut Jean-Nicod:
Sacha
Bourgeois-Gironde
Chiara
Chelini (post-doctoral fellow)
Pierre
Grialou (doctoral student)
Cintia
Retz Lucci (doctoral student)
Collaborators
on specific topics
Intertemporal choices
(Mathias
Pessiglione - Itzhak
Aharon - Pierre-Yves
Geoffard - Jean-Pierre
Nadal : financement DI-Neuro 2010)
Strategic trust
(Anne
Corcos - François
Pannequin : financement PEPS 2009)
Cognitive Economics Surveys
(Insead Decision Sciences Dpt, Theos
Evgeniou)
Neurobiological basis of money emergence
(Catherine Tallon-Baudry : financement ANR 2008-2010)
Autism and coordination games
(Tiziana
Zalla, Chiara
Chelini - IJN)
The neurobiology of rationality paradoxes
(Mathias
Pessiglione)
Syndrome
Gilles de la Tourette et contrôle cognitif
(Andreas Hartmann, Mathias Pessiglione – collaboration avec le
Centre de Référence
du syndrome Gilles de la Tourette)
Culture
and Cognition
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